人类发现首个中等质量黑洞
On May 21, 2019, researchers identified a unique set of gravitational waves, or ripples in the fabric of space-time, that they haven’t seen before. For one, the waves came from halfway across the universe, or about 7 billion light-years away, making it the most distant gravitational-wave signal ever detected.
But more importantly, the researchers think these gravitational waves point to the merger of two already bizarre black holes that formed a never-before-confirmed mid-sized black hole. In other words, the researchers think they’ve found the first direct evidence for a special breed of black hole called an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH).
Astronomers think IMBHs fill a gap between stellar-mass black holes (which are a few to 100 solar masses and are created when huge stars collapse), and supermassive black holes (which are millions to billions of solar masses and lurk in the centers of most galaxies). And although the exact mass range of each class of black hole depends on who you ask, most astronomers agree that, at 142 solar masses, this newly formed object fits the bill for an IMBH.[1]
中等质量黑洞,顾名思义,其质量介于恒星级黑洞与超大质量黑洞之间,其质量范围为100~10万倍之间。此前,人类从未真正探测到任何一颗中等质量黑洞。
中等质量黑洞一直未被发现,最主要的原因是科学家很难发现其活动。对于这种黑洞来说,最可能的形成原因是由两个或更多恒星级黑洞合并所形成的,因此,它不像处在星系中心的超大质量黑洞一样,能在“吃下”其他天体时发射出大量可被探测的射线,也不像常见的由致密天体塌缩而成的恒星级黑洞一样,可以通过伽马射线暴或超新星被探测到。此外,理论上,这些黑洞往往远离地球,使得人类观测它们的进程变得尤为艰难。
美国和欧洲的天文学家于近日宣布,他们首次探测到了一个中等质量的黑洞。这项引力波探测研究显示,约70亿年前,质量分别为太阳的66倍和85倍的两个黑洞,在发生激烈碰撞后,形成了一个新的中等质量黑洞,这印证了此前对于中等质量黑洞形成是由较小黑洞合并所产生的猜想。这也是人类迄今探测到的首个中等质量黑洞。
此次探测到的引力波的信号于2019年5月1日被LIGO和Virgo两台引力波探测仪器所接收到。尽管它只持续了十分之一秒,但却是自2015年以来LIGO和Virgo第一次探测到引力波后所探测到的最大的两颗黑洞合并事件。
|人类发现首个中等质量黑洞
人类发现首个中等质量黑洞 引力波 科学 黑洞